NATIVE AMERICAN HISTORY & CULTURE


Updated May 3, 2008

PRIMARY DOCUMENTS
Relations Between The United States & Native Americans
Treaties Between the United States and Native Americans
The Avalon Project : Statutes of the United States Concerning Native Americans
World History Archives: Indigenous Peoples of the Americas
KAPPLER'S INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES
The Dawes Act or General Allotment Act of 1887
Dawes Act, 1887
Colorado College Tutt Library: Sand Creek Papers
Oneida Nation Treaties Project
Native American Documents Project
FWDP -- North, Central and South American Documents
Native-American texts from the Modern English Collection
Documents on American Indian Wars
Native American Topics: Historical Documents
Legislation Affecting the American Indian Community
Legislation Impacting American Indians
The Dakota Conflict Trials of 1862
Chief Red Cloud on Indian Rights
Indian Stories: How Native Americans Saw Their World Disappear
Cultural Readings - Print and Native Cultures - Native Writing
PRIMARY DOCUMENT: Impressions of an Indian Childhood
PRIMARY DOCUMENT: The School Days of an Indian Girl
PRIMARY DOCUMENT: Indian Boyhood
IMAGES: The Illustrating Traveler: Encountering Native Americans
IMAGES: The Illustrating Traveler: Customs of the Country
More primary documents are available within some of the sites listed below.

GENERAL & COMPREHENSIVE SITES
Alphabetical Listing of Reservations 
THIS WEEK IN NORTH "AMERICAN INDIAN" HISTORY by PHIL KONSTANTIN 
Native Ways..A journey through modern Native America 
   Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Native American Resources
  NPS AEP: The Earliest Americans 
  NOVA Online | Mystery of the First Americans
  Links to American Indian Sites Introductory Page by Phil Konstantin 
  Links to American Indian Reference Sites by Phil Konstantin 
  FAQ & STUDY GUIDE: U.S. Native Tribes and Maps 
  ALL US TRIBES: Main Access Mapindex 
  American Indian and Alaska Native Areas 1990 Census 
NativeWeb - an Internet Community
NativeWeb Resources: Resource Database 
Native American Database 
American Indian Studies 
Index of Native American Resources on the Internet  
   National Museum of the American Indian 
  ILTweb: LiveText: SS: Native American Navigator MAIN
ILTweb: History: NA: Native American Navigator 
  The Native American Anthology: Internet Resources 
   New World Cultures 
  Cultures of North America 
  University of San Diego Native American Website 
  Main Menu: Native American Indian PlentyStuff 
  Native Watch 
  Bill's Aboriginal Links: International 
  The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Indigenous Studies - North America 
  The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Indigenous Studies - Central and South America 
  World History Archives: Native Americans of the Caribbean and Florida 
  Civilization.ca - A History of the Native People of Canada 
  Civilization.ca - First Peoples 
  Civilization.ca - VMNF - The First Nations of the New-France era
  THE AFRICAN-NATIVE AMERICAN HISTORY & GENEALOGY WEBPAGE 
   Native American Month 
  Native History is American History 
  Humanities-Interactive Border Studies Exhibitions 
   North American Prehistory 
  North American Prehistory Links 
  Native American Cultures 
  Ancient American: Archaeology of the Americas before Columbus 
  Retrace the trek of first Americans 
    Native American Topics: Images, Photographs, Paintings 
  Southeast Region Outline of Prehistory and History. 
National NAGPRA--Native American Consultation Database (NACD)
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation (NAGPRA), National Park Service 
Archeology and Ethnography Program, NPS
   Center For World Indigenous Studies Home Page 
Ancients of America
  Native American Links from Professor Cunnea
  tahtonka.com - Native American Arts, Humanities and Culture 
Indigenous Studies - mostly American Indian
  Stonee's Native Links
Native Sons & Daughters - AOL SITE 
  Vicky Littleleaf's Native American Websites and Links 
  Native American Timeline:TOPICS 
   The Great Indian Civilizations 
   Early Native Americans
    COUNCILFIRE
Native American Youth Teepee
  Luxton Museum of the Plains Indian 
Nomadic Cultures 
Linkpage: Native Web Pages Listings

For info on the Maya, Inca, Aztec and other Central and South American native cultures, please visit my Meso and Latin America page.

NATIVE AMERICANS - LEGISLATION - ISSUES - AGENCIES
CODETALK: Code Talk is the official website of HUD's ONAP 
  Legislation Affecting the American Indian Community 
Legislation Impacting American Indians 
  American Indian Liaison Office 
  National Congress of American Indians 
  Assembly of First Nations(Canada) 
  Tribal Court Clearinghouse 
  Native Americans and U.S. Politics 
  Native American Rights Fund 
   Native American Rights Fund - Indian Trust Funds Mismanagement 
  Guide to Financial Aid for American Indian Students 
  American Indian Gambling and Casino Information Center


TIMELINES
TIMELINE: Native American History
Native American Timeline
TIMELINE: Canadian St. Lawrence River Valley Native Tribes
Native American Chronology 1776-1830

MAPS
Maps of Native American Nations, History, Info
MAP: Retrace the trek of first Americans
MAP: Tribes of the Indian Nation
MAPS: North American Indian Map Pages by Phil Konstantin
MAP: TRIBE FINDER
ALL US TRIBES: Main Access Mapindex
FAQ & STUDY GUIDE: U.S. Native Tribes and Maps
MAPS: NORTH AMERICAN PRE-CONTACT NATIVE Culture Areas GIS map
MAPS: Native American Tribes, Culture Areas, and Linguistic Stocks
MAP: Early Indian Tribes, Culture Areas, & Linguistic Stocks - East U.S.
MAP: Early Indian Tribes, Culture Areas, & Linguistic Stocks - West U.S.
MAP: Early Indian Tribes, Culture Areas, and Linguistic Stocks - Alaska
MAP: Threats to Native Lands
MAP: Indian Reservations
MAP: Indian Land Areas (1978)
MAP: Native American State Populations - 1990 Census
American Indian and Alaska Native Areas 1990 Census
U.S. Indian Tribes -- Index by State

FLAGS
"The Flags of the Native Peoples of the United States"

SPECIFIC TRIBES & TRIBAL AREAS
COMPREHENSIVE
First Nations Histories 
  First Nations Site Index... 
  Tribal Name Meanings 
  ILTweb: History: NA: Native American Tribes
  Tribes - AOL SITE, but VERY GOOD
Top 25 American Indian Tribes for the United States:  1990 and 1980
   MAP: TRIBE FINDER 
  ALL US TRIBES: Main Access Mapindex 
  FAQ & STUDY GUIDE: U.S. Native Tribes and Maps 
   U.S. Indian Tribes -- Index by State 
  U.S. Indian Tribes, federally non-recognized -- Index by State 
    Alphabetical Listing of Reservations
American Indian and Alaska Native Populations 
  Tribal Index 
   Native Nations -- Tribes of U.S. and Canada 
NATIVE PRE-CONTACT HOUSING: Types, map distribution, construction
  Native American Shelters in North America 
  Ancient Big Game Hunting  


REGIONS OR TRIBAL AREAS
Indians of California
Native Americans in North Georgia
Moundbuilders-North Georgia's early inhabitants
Native Peoples of Minnesota
North Carolina Native History
The Plains Indians
The Plains Indians
Luxton Museum of the Plains Indian
The Southeastern Indians
South Carolina - People
TEXAS INDIANS
Kennewick Man (Washington State)

ANASAZI (PUEBLOAN)
Anasazi Archaeology 
  Sipapu--The Anasazi Emergence into the Cyber World
  Sipapu--Frequently Asked Questions 
  Pueblo Cultural Center 
Albuquerque's Environmental Story - Pueblo Indians Influence
  Collapse -- Chaco Canyon  


APACHE
The Legend Of The Apache Tear
APACHE TEARS FROM SUPERIOR, ARIZONA
USA: Geronimo, His own story

ARAPAHO
Arapaho Indians
ARAPAHO

ARTIC PEOPLES
ARCTIC STUDIES CENTER Home
ALASKA NATIVE VILLAGES: regional development corporations, tribes
IGLOOS: North American Native Pre-Contact Housing
Northern Clans, Northern Traces: Journeys in the Ancient Circumpolar
First Nations: Inuit, Arctic Peoples
CMCC - Life and Art of an Ancient Arctic People
North: Landscape of the Imagination: Early Inuit History
The Native Trail: First Nations and Inuit in Quebec
Tlingit National Anthem: Alaska Natives Online
Alaska Federation of Natives
WWW Virtual Library: Circumpolar Peoples

BLACK SEMINOLES
Pitter's Cherokee Trails - Black Indians
THE AFRICAN-NATIVE AMERICAN HISTORY & GENEALOGY WEBPAGE

CHEROKEE
TIMELINE: Cherokee History
All Things Cherokee
The Sovereign Amonsoquath Tribe of Cherokee
The Chickamauga Cherokee NetCenter
The Cherokee Heritage Center
History of the Cherokee
North Georgia's Cherokee Indians
Official Site of the Cherokee Nation based in Tahlequah Oklahoma
The Cherokee Trail of Tears - 1838-1839
Cherokee in North Georgia: A Nation's history
Talking Leaves and the Cherokee Phoenix
Cherokee Removal Forts - The Trail of Tears
Land Cessions of American Indians in Georgia
The Cherokee Page
TsaLaGi Language Resources
Cherokee Alphabet
CHEROKEE ALPHABET
Trail of Tears-North Georgia History
Cherokee Nations
More on the Trail of Tears below.

CHEYENNE
CHEYENNE TRAILRIDERS OPEN THE DOOR TO THE PAST

CHINOOK (Pacific Northwest)
The Chinook Trade Jargon - Introduction

CHOCTAW
Choctaw Nation Home Page 
  Choctaw Code Talkers of World War I & II 


COMANCHE
Comanche Lodge - Quohadi's Site.
The Comanches

CREEK
Creek Indians
History of The Creek Nation - American Indians in North Georgia
The Creek Nation - North Georgia's American Indians

DELAWARE (LENAPE)
Delaware (Lenape) Tribe of Indians: Homepage

IROQUOIS NATION
Iroquois
The Iroquois Creation
The Iroquois League
The Iroquois Constitution
Tuscarora and Six Nations Websites

KIOWA - MIAMI - MICMAC - MOHAWK
Kiowa Drawings in the National Anthropological Archives
Miami Tribe
The Micmac
The Wampum Chronicles: A Website of Mohawk History

MESO-AMERICAN: AZTEC, TOLTEC, OLMEC, MAYA, INCA
Please visit my Meso and Latin America page.


MOUND BUILDERS
Cahokia Mounds
  Etowah Mounds Archaeological Area - Home of the Moundbuilders
Mound Builders History Archaeology 
   NPS AEP: Ancient Architects of the Mississippi 


NAVAJO
Navajo Nation
Dine (Navajo) Home Page
  The Nahavo Indians
Traditional Navajo clan practices 
  Cryptology: Navajo Code Talkers in World War II - Navajo Code Talkers' Dictionary - The Navajo Code Talkers - Navajo Code Talkers - Click2Flicks - Windtalkers, The Story Behind the Movie  


NEW ENGLAND TRIBES
Narragansett Indians' Teepee
Nipmuc Indian Association of Connecticut Home Page

NEZ PERCE
Nez Perce NHP: Administrative History

ONEIDA
Oneida Indian Nation
Oneida Nation Treaties Project
THE ONEIDAS AND THE BIRTH OF THE AMERICAN NATION

SIOUX
Dustyn Medicine Wolf: Lakota dance, flute, history, and storytelling
North American Sioux Indian Archery
Sioux Nations
Lakota
Melissa's Myriad: Lakota Sioux Page
A Guide to the Great Sioux Nation
Lakota Language

TEXAS INDIANS
Texas Indians - Home Page
The Indians of Texas
Texas Indians Links
Texas Indian Coloring Pages
Texas Indians
Much more info on my Texas History page.

UTE
Introduction to the Ute Tribal History: Southern Ute Indian Tribe

MUCH MORE ON SPECIFIC TRIBES AND EVENTS CAN BE FOUND ON MY From Colonies to Revolution AND 19th Century America PAGES.


NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGE AND WRITING
A New World of Words: Amerindian Languages in the Colonial World
Links to American Indian Langauge Sites by Phil Konstantin
Civilizations in America: Native American Language
Cultures in America: Languages
Indian Languages
Native Languages of the Americas
Talking Leaves and the Cherokee Phoenix
TsaLaGi Language Resources
A Small Lexicon of Tsalagi words
Tsalagi Syllabary
Cherokee Alphabet
CHEROKEE ALPHABET
The Chinook Trade Jargon - Introduction
Lakota Language
Choctaw Code Talkers of World War I & II
Cryptology: Navajo CodeTalkers in World War II - Navajo Code Talkers' Dictionary - The Navajo Code Talkers - Navajo Code Talkers - Windtalkers, The Story Behind the Movie


NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING
NATIVE PRE-CONTACT HOUSING: Types, map distribution, construction 
IGLOOS - TIPIS- PUEBLOS - NavajoHOGAN - EARTHLODGE 
    NPS AEP: Ancient Architects of the Mississippi 
  Native American Shelters in North America 

NATIVE AMERICAN ART - LITERATURE - MUSIC
ART HISTORY RESOURCES ON THE WEB: Art of the Americas 
  Timelines, North America | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History - Timelines, Central America - Timelines, South America 
  Art of the Americas | Thematic Essays | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History - Central America, All Time Periods | Thematic Essays - South America, All Time Periods
  Links to American Indian Art, Music, and Photography Sites

tahtonka.com - Native American Arts, Humanities and Culture
NativeTech: Native American Technology and Art ~ Table of Contents
NativeTech: Native American Technology and Art
NativeTech: What's New
Definition of Primitive
The Role of Native American Artists and Technicians
Native American Beadwork
Birds and Feathers
Pottery & Clay
Games & Toys
Leather and Clothes
Traditional Metal Working in the Northeast
Plants & Trees
Porcupine Quillwork
Native American Technology and Art ~ Poetry & Stories
Weaving & Cordage
Stone and Tools
True Stories for American Indian Youth
Native American Cultural Traditions
Native American Folktales and Stories
Links to American Indian Pow Wow Sites
Southern Native American Pow Wows
CHICO's MHN: Great Lakes Powwow Tour
McGees Indian Art Gallery: Hopi kachinas, jewelry, pottery, baskets, Navajo jewelry
IPL: Pueblo Pottery Exhibit
NATIVE AMERICAN ART
Home Page - The Native American Music Awards
Indigenous Music and Dance
Petroglyph
North American Rock Art
Native American Petroglyphs, Pictographs, and Rock Art of the Southwestern U.S.
Petroglyphs and Pictographs
THE COLLECTOR'S GUIDE: PETROGLYPH NATIONAL MONUMENT
Dustyn Medicine Wolf
Kid's Domain Icon Mania - Native American

TOTEMS AND SYMBOLS
Animal Totem Energies
THE COLLECTOR'S GUIDE: INDIAN SYMBOLS
TOTEM POLES
Native American Sunface Coloring Page

NATIVE AMERICANS AND ANIMALS
The Bison Page
Big Game Hunting
NATIVE AMERICANS AND THE HORSE
INDIANS AND HORSES AT WAR

NATIVE AMERICAN RELIGION AND BELIEF
Native American Religion
Native American Prophecies
More Native American Prophecies
Native American Myths
Native American Creation Stories: Contents
The Journal of Prophecies of Native Peoples Worldwide

NATIVE AMERICAN ASTRONOMY
Aboriginal (Native American) Star Knowledge: Native American Astronomy
Indian Moons, Days & Other Calendar Stuff

NATIVE AMERICAN FOOD AND MEDICINE
Traditional (Native American) Food, Health MENU
NativeTech: Food and Recipes
The Indigenous Circle: Food
Herbal Medicine & Information

FAMOUS NATIVE AMERICANS
The Indigenous Circle: Famous Native Americans
FAMOUS NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE HUMANITIES
Links to North American Indian Biography Sites by Phil Konstantin
Famous Quotes by Native North Americans
Famous Native Americans/History
The Apache Kid
People in THE WEST - Black Kettle
COCHISE
PBS - THE WEST - Crazy Horse
Carving a Memorial to Chief Crazy Horse
USA: Geronimo, His own story
Geronimo
Geronimo's Surrender - Skeleton Canyon, 1886
Chief Joseph
Pocahontas
The Pocahontas Myth - the real story, not Disney Distortion
The Real Pocahontas
Native Opinions on Pocahontas
Red Cloud
PRIMARY DOCUMENT: Chief Red Cloud on Indian Rights
PBS - THE WEST - Sacagawea
Sequoyah
People in THE WEST - Sitting Bull
Tecumseh: His Role in the Cause and Conduct of the War of 1812

THE INDIAN WARS
MAP: Tribes of the Indian Nation
NAMED CAMPAIGNS - INDIAN WARS
Documents on American Indian Wars
Indian Wars
Battles of the Indian War Period
PBS - THE WEST - Fight No More Forever - Native Americans
The National Indian Wars Association Inc.
The Blackhawk War, 1831-1832
PBS - THE WEST - Documents on the Sand Creek Massacre (1864-1865)
Colorado College Tutt Library: Sand Creek Papers
Frontier Army
USMA, West Point Graduates Who Died in Indian and Border Conflicts
Library and Archives: JNEM Archives - Indian Wars Widows Project Records
Indian Wars Journal Custer Little Bighorn Little Big Horn Savas Publishing
Indian Fight in Texas, 1854
The Story of the Battle of the Washita
Washita Battlefield National Historic Site Homepage
INDIANS AND HORSES AT WAR
Cow Creek: Indian Law
Cow Creek: Indian Wars
Flight of the Nez Perce Through The Bitterroot Valley ~Hamilton, Hamilton, Montana
Indian Captives of Early American Pioneers
Indian Wars Accounts
Indian Wars in the Northwest Territory
The Battle of Tippecanoe
Black Hawk War
More on the Indian Wars
The Indian Wars
USIGS Military Collection - Indian Wars
The Dakota Conflict Trials of 1862
North American Sioux Indian Archery
  Sacred Legacy: Edward S. Curtis and the North American Indian  

For more on early wars in Northeast America and the French and Indian War, check out my From Colonies to Revolution page. For info on Custer and the wars in western American, check out the WILD WEST section on my 19th Century America page.

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE U.S. AND CANADA - TRAIL OF TEARS - DAWES ACT
The Dawes Act or General Allotment Act of 1887
Dawes Act, 1887
Cow Creek: Reservation Lost
HowNiKan - Allotment Map
Trail of Tears-North Georgia History
The Cherokee Trail of Tears - 1838-1839
Cherokee Removal Forts - The Trail of Tears
Land Cessions of American Indians in Georgia
Contrasting Views of Indian Removal
Land and agriculture data for 113 reservations, agencies, and tribal units - 1887-1915
Carlisle Indian Industrial School
Carlisle Indian School Student Enrollment by Tribe
Also, check out the Cherokee links above for more info on the Trail of Tears.

NATIVE AMERICANS IN MILITARY HISTORY
Native Americans in the U.S. Military
  Native American Medal of Honor Winners
U.S. Civil War Center -- American Indians 
Choctaw Code Talkers of World War I & II 
Cryptology: Navajo Code Talkers in World War II - Navajo Code Talkers' Dictionary  The Navajo Code Talkers - Navajo Code Talkers - Windtalkers, The Story Behind the Movie 

For more, check out my Military History, Info, Stats page.

WOUNDED KNEE - ALCATRAZ - THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT
Wounded Knee Site Index...
The American Indian Occupation of Alcatraz Island 1969 - 1971
NATIVE-L (December 1992): Editorial by Russell Means
American Indian Movement

STEREOTYPE VS. REALITY
Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Native American Stereotype vs Reality
Native Americans and the Mass Media
OKIT Native American children recognize media stereotypes
NATIVE-L (June 1994): Stereotypes--Products and Practices
Native American Stereotypes
Indian Sports Mascot Boycott Page
Anti-Defamation and Mascots
American Indians: Stereotypes & Realities
Change of the Word "Squaw" in Geographic Names and Places in the United States

NATIVE AMERICAN GENEALOGY
Native American Genealogy Links
THE AFRICAN-NATIVE AMERICAN HISTORY & GENEALOGY WEBPAGE
Links to American Indian Genealogy Sites by Phil Konstantin
For more info, check out my People: Biographies and Genealogy page.

VARIOUS MISC. TOPICS
Imaginary Indians 
News for Natives.com
Native History - Native Experiences - Native Voices of First Nations People
   Spanish Conquest of Native America - For more, visit my Texas History page.

Wooden Canoe Heritage Association
Southwestern Archaeology (SWA)
Paleopoint: a Perspective on Hunting for Native American Artifacts
History of Mathematics in the Americas
American Indian Gambling and Casino Information Center 
  Metroactive Movies | Smoke Signals 
  Native American Bibliography
 


For more information, visit my From Colonies to Revolution and 19th Century America pages.

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